| UnboundLocalError |
UnboundLocalError: cannot access local variable 'x' where it is not associated with a value |
A function assigns to a variable somewhere, which makes it local everywhere in that function — so reading it… |
| Pydantic ValidationError |
pydantic_core._pydantic_core.ValidationError: 1 validation error for Model |
Data didn’t match a Pydantic model — a field is missing, has the wrong type, or fails a constraint. |
| No module named distutils |
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils' |
Python 3.12 removed distutils; old packages or tools that import it fail. |
| OSError Errno 98 |
OSError: [Errno 98] Address already in use |
The port your server wants to bind is already taken by another process. |
| ModuleNotFoundError |
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'x' |
Python can’t find the module you import — it isn’t installed in the interpreter/virtualenv that’s running, or… |
| TypeError: NoneType |
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable |
You used `[ ]` on a value that is `None` — typically a function that returned nothing. |
| DisallowedHost |
django.core.exceptions.DisallowedHost: Invalid HTTP_HOST header: 'x'. You may need to add 'x' to ALLOWED_HOSTS. |
The request’s Host header isn’t listed in Django’s ALLOWED_HOSTS. |
| ValueError |
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc' |
int() received a string that isn’t a whole number — empty, decimal, whitespace or text. |
| Django no such table |
django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: app_model |
Django queried a table that hasn’t been created — migrations missing or not applied. |
| Failed building wheel |
error: subprocess-exited-with-error / Failed building wheel for x |
pip had to compile a package from source and the build failed — missing compiler, headers or system libraries. |
| pip no matching distribution |
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement x (from versions: none) |
pip found no installable version of the package for your Python version, OS or index. |
| ConnectionRefusedError |
ConnectionRefusedError: [Errno 111] Connection refused |
Nothing is listening on the host/port Python tried to connect to. |
| IndexError |
IndexError: list index out of range |
Code accessed a list position that doesn’t exist. |
| requests ConnectionError |
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=…, port=443): Max retries exceeded with url |
requests couldn’t connect — the inner error (NewConnectionError, NameResolutionError, SSLError, ConnectTimeou… |
| SyntaxError |
SyntaxError: invalid syntax |
Python couldn’t parse the code. The caret (^) points at or just after the mistake. |
| UnicodeDecodeError |
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x92 in position 10: invalid start byte |
Python read bytes that aren’t valid in the encoding it assumed (usually UTF-8). |
| ZeroDivisionError |
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero |
A number was divided (or modulo’d) by zero. |
| UnicodeEncodeError |
UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\u2192' |
Python tried to write text in an encoding that can’t represent some characters — common in Windows consoles a… |
| AttributeError |
AttributeError: 'X' object has no attribute 'y' |
You accessed an attribute or method that doesn’t exist on that object type. |
| ImproperlyConfigured |
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: settings are not configured / SECRET_KEY must not be empty |
Django can’t load its settings — DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE unset, a required setting missing, or an environment… |
| TypeError missing arg |
TypeError: f() missing 1 required positional argument: 'x' |
A function was called without a required parameter. |
| not JSON serializable |
TypeError: Object of type datetime is not JSON serializable |
json.dumps() met a type it doesn’t know how to encode (datetime, Decimal, set, custom objects). |
| KeyError |
KeyError: 'x' |
You accessed a dictionary key that doesn’t exist. |
| MemoryError |
MemoryError (Unable to allocate X GiB for an array) |
Python couldn’t allocate memory — the data is larger than available RAM or address space. |
| NameError |
NameError: name 'x' is not defined |
Python doesn’t know the name — it was never assigned/imported in this scope, or it’s misspelled. |
| SQLAlchemy IntegrityError |
sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError: (psycopg2.errors.UniqueViolation) duplicate key value violates unique constraint |
A database constraint (unique, foreign key, not null) rejected an insert/update made through SQLAlchemy. |
| SQLAlchemy OperationalError |
sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (psycopg2.OperationalError) connection to server … failed |
SQLAlchemy’s DB driver raised an operational error — connection failures, lost connections or locked SQLite d… |
| ImportError |
ImportError: cannot import name 'x' from 'y' |
The module was found, but the name you’re importing from it doesn’t exist — usually a version change or a cir… |
| IndentationError |
IndentationError: unexpected indent / expected an indented block |
Python’s block structure is broken — inconsistent indentation or mixed tabs and spaces. |
| JSONDecodeError |
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0) |
The text passed to json.loads() isn’t JSON — at char 0 it’s usually empty or HTML. |
| PermissionError |
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/path' |
The OS refused the file operation — no permission, a directory passed to open(), or (on Windows) the file is… |
| Python not found |
Python was not found; run without arguments to install from the Microsoft Store |
Windows ran the Microsoft Store “App execution alias” instead of a real Python installation. |
| Flask app context |
RuntimeError: Working outside of application context. |
Code used current_app, g, or a Flask extension (like SQLAlchemy) without an active Flask application context. |
| never awaited |
RuntimeWarning: coroutine 'fetch' was never awaited |
An async function was called without await, so it never ran. |
| ValueError ambiguous truth |
ValueError: The truth value of a Series is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all(). |
A pandas Series/NumPy array was used where Python expects a single True/False (if, and, or). |
| numpy alias removed |
AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'float' |
Code uses np.float/np.int/np.bool/np.object, which were removed in NumPy 1.24. |
| TemplateDoesNotExist |
django.template.exceptions.TemplateDoesNotExist: app/page.html |
Django searched all template directories and couldn’t find that template. |
| FileNotFoundError |
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'data.csv' |
Python couldn’t find the file at that path — usually because relative paths resolve from the working director… |
| Django CSRF |
Forbidden (403) CSRF verification failed. Request aborted. |
Django rejected a POST because the CSRF token was missing, wrong, or the request origin isn’t trusted. |
| KeyboardInterrupt |
KeyboardInterrupt (script stopped with Ctrl+C) / ^C traceback |
The script was interrupted (Ctrl+C, SIGINT, or a container stop), producing a KeyboardInterrupt traceback. |
| Event loop is closed |
RuntimeError: Event loop is closed |
Async code tried to use an event loop that has already been shut down. |
| Jupyter kernel died |
The kernel appears to have died. It will restart automatically. |
The Jupyter kernel process crashed — usually out of memory or a native library crash. |
| TypeError concat |
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str |
You joined a string and a non-string with +. |
| TypeError arguments |
TypeError: f() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given |
A function was called with more positional arguments than it accepts — very often a method missing `self`. |
| TypeError operand |
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str' |
An operator was used between two incompatible types, such as adding a number to a string. |
| SettingWithCopyWarning |
SettingWithCopyWarning: A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame |
pandas can’t tell whether your assignment modifies the original DataFrame or a temporary copy. |
| unpack error |
ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2) |
Tuple unpacking got more (or fewer) values than variables on the left. |
| RuntimeError dict |
RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration |
A dict (or set) was modified while being looped over. |
| TypeError not callable |
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable |
You used parentheses on something that isn’t a function — often a variable shadowing a built-in. |
| externally-managed-environment |
error: externally-managed-environment |
Your system Python (Debian 12+, Ubuntu 23.04+, Homebrew) refuses pip installs into the OS-managed environment… |
| RecursionError |
RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded |
A function called itself (directly or indirectly) more than ~1000 times. |
| broadcast error |
ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (3,) (4,) |
Two NumPy arrays have shapes that can’t be combined element-wise. |
| unhashable type |
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list' |
A mutable object (list, dict, set) was used as a dict key or set member. |