Error map

invalid character looking for beginning of value Go: invalid character '<' looking for beginning of value

Go · layer 4, Application & API

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Centre: this error. First ring: errors it is linked with (8). Outer ring: what those are linked with. Colours show the layer of a request each error belongs to. Click any dot to re-centre the map on it; hover to follow its connections. The centre dot opens the error page.

invalid character looking for beginning of value — Go: invalid character '<' looking for beginning of value (Go)invalid cha…cannot assign to struct field m[k].f in map — Go: cannot assign to struct field users["bob"].Age in map (Go)cannot assign to st…panic: assignment to entry in nil map — Go: panic: assignment to entry in nil map (Go)panic: assignment t…json: cannot unmarshal string into Go struct field — Go: json: cannot unmarshal string into Go struct field User.age of type int (Go)json: cannot unmars…http: superfluous response.WriteHeader call — Go: http: superfluous response.WriteHeader call from main.handler (main.go:25) (Go)http: superfluous r…listen tcp :8080: bind: address already in use — Go: listen tcp :8080: bind: address already in use (Go)listen tcp :8080: b…x509: certificate signed by unknown authority — Go: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (Go)x509: certificate s…dial tcp: connect: connection refused — Go: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:5432: connect: connection refused (Go)dial tcp: connect: …assignment mismatch: 1 variable but f returns 2 values — Go: assignment mismatch: 1 variable but os.Open returns 2 values (Go)assignment mismatch…imported and not used — Go: ./main.go:5:2: "os" imported and not used (Go)imported and not us…undefined: x — Go: ./main.go:12:2: undefined: handler (Go)undefined: xmissing return — Go: ./main.go:18:1: missing return (Go)missing returninvalid memory address or nil pointer dereference — Go: panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference (Go)invalid memory addr…panic: runtime error: index out of range — Go: panic: runtime error: index out of range [3] with length 3 (Go)panic: runtime erro…panic: slice bounds out of range — Go: panic: runtime error: slice bounds out of range [:5] with capacity 3 (Go)panic: slice bounds…cannot refer to unexported name — Go: cannot refer to unexported name pkg.helper (undefined: pkg.helper) (Go)cannot refer to une…panic: interface conversion — Go: panic: interface conversion: interface {} is string, not int (Go)panic: interface co…reflect: call of reflect.Value.X on zero Value — Go: panic: reflect: call of reflect.Value.Elem on zero Value (Go)reflect: call of re…Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers — Go: net/http: request canceled (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers) (Go)Client.Timeout exce…port is already allocated — Docker: Bind for 0.0.0.0:80 failed: port is already allocated (Docker)port is already all…network not found — Error response from daemon: network X not found (Docker)network not foundPool overlaps — Error response from daemon: Pool overlaps with other one on this address space (Docker)Pool overlapscannot find package in any of GOROOT / GOPATH — Go: cannot find package "github.com/pkg/errors" in any of: /usr/local/go/src/github.com/pkg/errors (from $GOROOT) /go/src/github.com/pkg/errors (from $GOPATH) (Go)cannot find package…x509: certificate is valid for X, not Y — Go: x509: certificate is valid for www.example.com, not api.example.com (Go)x509: certificate i…unable to get local issuer certificate — OpenSSL: error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate / SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED (SSL / TLS)unable to get local…iptables: No chain/target/match — driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name (Docker)iptables: No chain/…context deadline exceeded — Go: Get "https://api.example.com": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers) (Go)context deadline ex…too many open files — Go: accept tcp [::]:8080: accept4: too many open files / open x: too many open files (Go)too many open filesno new variables on left side of := — Go: ./main.go:9:6: no new variables on left side of := (Go)no new variables on…invalid operation: mismatched types — Go: invalid operation: a + b (mismatched types int and float64) (Go)invalid operation: …cannot use x as type in assignment/argument — Go: cannot use "5" (untyped string constant) as int value in argument to f (Go)cannot use x as typ…

Directly related (8)

cannot assign to struct field m[k].f in mapGo

Go: cannot assign to struct field users["bob"].Age in map

Map values are not addressable, so you cannot modify a field of a struct stored directly in a map.

panic: assignment to entry in nil mapGo

Go: panic: assignment to entry in nil map

You wrote to a map that was declared but never initialised.

json: cannot unmarshal string into Go struct fieldGo

Go: json: cannot unmarshal string into Go struct field User.age of type int

The JSON value's type does not match the Go field type (string vs number, object vs array).

http: superfluous response.WriteHeader callGo

Go: http: superfluous response.WriteHeader call from main.handler (main.go:25)

A handler wrote the status header more than once, or wrote the body first (which sends 200) and then tried to set another status.

listen tcp :8080: bind: address already in useGo

Go: listen tcp :8080: bind: address already in use

The port your Go server wants is already taken by another process (or a previous instance of your app).

x509: certificate signed by unknown authorityGo

Go: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority

The Go TLS client does not trust the CA that signed the server's certificate.

dial tcp: connect: connection refusedGo

Go: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:5432: connect: connection refused

Nothing is listening on the host and port your Go program tried to connect to.

assignment mismatch: 1 variable but f returns 2 valuesGo

Go: assignment mismatch: 1 variable but os.Open returns 2 values

The number of variables on the left does not match the number of values the function returns.

Two steps away (22)

imported and not usedGo

Go: ./main.go:5:2: "os" imported and not used

The file imports a package that no code in that file uses; Go treats this as a compile error, not a warning.

undefined: xGo

Go: ./main.go:12:2: undefined: handler

The compiler cannot find an identifier — a typo, a missing import, or it lives in another file/package that wasn't built.

missing returnGo

Go: ./main.go:18:1: missing return

A function with a return type can reach its end without a return statement on some path.

invalid memory address or nil pointer dereferenceGo

Go: panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference

The program used a pointer, map, interface or struct field that was nil — usually an uninitialised value or an ignored error.

panic: runtime error: index out of rangeGo

Go: panic: runtime error: index out of range [3] with length 3

Code accessed a slice, array or string element beyond its length.

panic: slice bounds out of rangeGo

Go: panic: runtime error: slice bounds out of range [:5] with capacity 3

A slice expression `s[a:b]` used bounds outside the slice's length or capacity.

cannot refer to unexported nameGo

Go: cannot refer to unexported name pkg.helper (undefined: pkg.helper)

You used a lowercase (unexported) identifier from another package; only capitalised names are visible outside their package.

panic: interface conversionGo

Go: panic: interface conversion: interface {} is string, not int

A type assertion `x.(T)` failed because the dynamic type of the interface is not T.

reflect: call of reflect.Value.X on zero ValueGo

Go: panic: reflect: call of reflect.Value.Elem on zero Value

Reflection code operated on an invalid (zero) `reflect.Value`, often derived from a nil pointer or a missing struct field.

Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headersGo

Go: net/http: request canceled (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)

An `http.Client` with a Timeout gave up waiting for the server's response headers.

port is already allocatedDocker

Docker: Bind for 0.0.0.0:80 failed: port is already allocated

Another container or host process already publishes that host port.

network not foundDocker

Error response from daemon: network X not found

The container or Compose project refers to a Docker network that doesn’t exist (any more).

Pool overlapsDocker

Error response from daemon: Pool overlaps with other one on this address space

Docker tried to create a network whose subnet clashes with an existing Docker network (or a VPN/host route).

cannot find package in any of GOROOT / GOPATHGo

Go: cannot find package "github.com/pkg/errors" in any of: /usr/local/go/src/github.com/pkg/errors (from $GOROOT) /go/src/github.com/pkg/errors (from $GOPATH)

Go could not locate an imported package — it is not downloaded, the module is not initialised, or GOPATH mode is in effect.

x509: certificate is valid for X, not YGo

Go: x509: certificate is valid for www.example.com, not api.example.com

The server's certificate does not list the hostname you connected to (SAN mismatch), or it has expired.

unable to get local issuer certificateSSL / TLS

OpenSSL: error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate / SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED

The client could not build a chain from the server's certificate to a CA it trusts — the issuer is missing locally or the server…

iptables: No chain/target/matchDocker

driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name

Docker’s iptables rules were wiped (firewalld/ufw reload, iptables flush) while Docker was running, so it can’t publish ports.

context deadline exceededGo

Go: Get "https://api.example.com": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)

An operation did not finish before its context deadline or HTTP client timeout.

too many open filesGo

Go: accept tcp [::]:8080: accept4: too many open files / open x: too many open files

The process reached its file-descriptor limit — usually leaked connections, files or response bodies.

no new variables on left side of :=Go

Go: ./main.go:9:6: no new variables on left side of :=

`:=` declares variables, but all names on the left already exist in the same scope.

invalid operation: mismatched typesGo

Go: invalid operation: a + b (mismatched types int and float64)

You combined two values of different types; Go never converts numeric types implicitly.

cannot use x as type in assignment/argumentGo

Go: cannot use "5" (untyped string constant) as int value in argument to f

A value's type is not assignable to the type required by the variable, parameter or return value.