Error map
PHPMailer: SMTP connect() failed PHPMailer: SMTP Error: Could not connect to SMTP host. Failed to connect to server (SMTP connect() failed)
Email / SMTP · layer 2, Network
Centre: this error. First ring: errors it is linked with (8). Outer ring: what those are linked with. Colours show the layer of a request each error belongs to. Click any dot to re-centre the map on it; hover to follow its connections. The centre dot opens the error page.
Directly related (8)
WordPress / PHPMailer: SMTP Error: Could not authenticate / SMTP connect() failed
The SMTP server rejected the login or couldn’t be reached — wrong credentials, app passwords required, wrong port/encryption, or…
WordPress: Mailer Error: Could not instantiate mail function. / wp_mail() failed
WordPress could not send mail through PHP `mail()` because the server cannot hand the message to an MTA or the host disabled the…
SMTP: 421 4.7.0 Our system has detected an unusual rate of unsolicited mail originating from your IP address. Mail sent from your IP address has been temporarily rate limited
The receiving server (often Gmail or Outlook) is temporarily throttling your mail because the volume or reputation of your sendin…
SMTP: 450 4.7.1 <user@example.com>: Recipient address rejected: Greylisted, see http://postgrey.schweikert.ch/help/example.com.html
The recipient server deliberately rejected the first delivery attempt from an unknown sender (greylisting) and expects a legitima…
SMTP: [SSL: WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER] wrong version number — SMTP over SSL on a STARTTLS port
Your client tried to start TLS immediately on a port where the server speaks plain SMTP first (or the reverse), so the handshake…
PHP: sh: 1: /usr/sbin/sendmail: not found — mail() returns false
PHP's `mail()` calls the `sendmail_path` program, but it is not installed or the path in php.ini is wrong.
SMTP: 451 4.3.0 Error: queue file write error / 451 Requested action aborted: local error in processing
The server hit an internal problem (disk, database, content filter, DNS) while handling your message and asked you to retry later.
SMTP: telnet smtp.example.com 25 — Connection timed out (cloud provider blocks port 25)
Connections from your server to other mail servers on port 25 time out because your cloud host or ISP blocks outbound SMTP to fig…
Two steps away (22)
PHP mail() returns false / emails not delivered
PHP’s mail() function failed or emails never arrive (spam or rejected).
SES MessageRejected: Email address is not verified. The following identities failed the check in region
SES refused to send because the From address/domain isn’t verified — or the account is still in the SES sandbox, where recipients…
WordPress: 404 Not Found on every page except the homepage (permalinks / .htaccess / Nginx rules)
Pretty permalinks aren’t being routed to index.php — .htaccess is missing/ignored (Apache) or Nginx lacks try_files.
550 5.7.26 This mail has been blocked because the sender is unauthenticated (SPF/DKIM/DMARC)
Gmail/Outlook rejected the message because SPF and DKIM didn’t pass for the sender’s domain (DMARC failure).
550 5.7.1 Relaying denied / Message rejected as spam / Unauthenticated email not accepted
The receiving (or your outgoing) mail server refused the message — relaying isn’t allowed, the sender isn’t authenticated, or it…
SMTP: 452 4.2.2 The email account that you tried to reach is over quota
The recipient's mailbox has exceeded its storage quota, so the server will not accept new mail for now.
SMTP: 452 4.5.3 Your message has too many recipients / 452 Too many recipients received this hour
The server limits how many recipients a single message or sender may have; yours exceeded it.
SMTP: 552 5.3.4 Message size exceeds fixed maximum message size
The message, including attachments after base64 encoding, is larger than the receiving or sending server accepts.
SMTP: 550 5.7.1 Service unavailable; Client host [203.0.113.5] blocked using zen.spamhaus.org
The receiving server checked your IP in a DNS blocklist (Spamhaus, Barracuda, SORBS…) and refused your mail because it is listed.
SMTP: 550 5.4.1 Recipient address rejected: Access denied. AS(201806281) [DB5EUR03FT015.eop-EUR03.prod.protection.outlook.com]
Microsoft 365 / Exchange Online rejected the message because the recipient address does not exist in that tenant (Directory Based…
SMTP: 530 5.7.0 Must issue a STARTTLS command first / 530 5.7.1 Authentication required
The server will not accept mail until you encrypt the connection (STARTTLS) and/or authenticate, and your client did neither.
Python: smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: Connection unexpectedly closed
The server closed the connection before your script finished the SMTP conversation — a timeout, blocked IP, TLS mismatch or rate…
Nodemailer: Error: Greeting never received (code: 'ETIMEDOUT', command: 'CONN')
The TCP connection was made but the server never sent its SMTP `220` banner — usually a TLS mode mismatch or a firewall/proxy swa…
WordPress: Your PHP installation appears to be missing the MySQL extension which is required by WordPress
PHP doesn’t have the mysqli extension loaded, so WordPress can’t talk to the database.
WordPress: Your server is running PHP version 7.2 but WordPress 6.x requires at least 7.4 / This plugin requires a newer version of PHP
WordPress core, a plugin or a theme needs a newer PHP than the server runs.
Python: ConnectionRefusedError: [Errno 111] Connection refused — smtplib connect to localhost:25
Nothing is listening on the SMTP host and port your script connected to — often `localhost:25` because no host was given and no l…
SMTP: 553 5.7.1 <noreply@example.com>: Sender address rejected: not owned by user user@example.com
The SMTP server only lets an authenticated user send as addresses they own, and the From/envelope sender does not match the login.
SMTP: 554 5.7.1 Service unavailable; Client host [203.0.113.5] blocked / 554 5.7.1 <mail.example.com>: Client host rejected: Access denied
The server refused the connection from your IP because it is blocked by policy, not in the allowed list, or listed on a blacklist.
SMTP: 554 5.4.14 Hop count exceeded - possible mail loop
The message passed through too many mail servers (usually over 25), which almost always means two systems forward mail to each ot…
ssh: connect to host x port 22: Connection timed out
SSH packets get no reply — a firewall/security group drops them, the server is off, or the IP is wrong.
connect: No route to host (EHOSTUNREACH)
The destination host isn’t reachable — it’s down, on another subnet without routing, or a firewall rejects with “host unreachable…
Nodemailer: Error: connect ETIMEDOUT 142.250.27.108:465 (code: 'ETIMEDOUT', command: 'CONN')
Nodemailer could not open a connection to the SMTP server before the timeout — a blocked port, wrong host, or network issue.
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